What distinguishes humans from other animals is its ability (or need) to organize themselves into social structures more or less ordered, from the tribe in the system of democracy and oligarchic city-states of the res publica, through the Empire and the feudal system, to the bourgeois-liberal democracy of today.
It 'clear that each of these individual systems have different characteristics.
The system by which primitive man had tried to organize a system based on the rhythms and the natural instincts, the support was due largely to property offered by nature and sexual activity (which, although it speaks very little, is a key parameter in the definition of a "degree" of civilization) was totally free from any kind of rules to out of instinct, every need must be satisfied, thus favoring what Freud called the "pleasure principle".
It 'obvious that such a principle can only create chaos, often the needs of one should be to counteract the other's needs, create conflict and society tend to fall apart. With the evolution of civilization, therefore, is gone by replacing the "pleasure principle" the "reality principle."
Everyone can satisfy their human needs as long as this is not to create conflicts and / or disorder in the social fabric.
The repression of certain needs result in a subsequent sublimation in other activities designed to emulate the pleasure wanted but repressed: I talk about art, politics and all that is commonly considered the "fruits of civilization."
deprivation of part of one's freedom is essential in building a functioning and orderly society, but, as noted by the philosopher Herbert Marcuse of the "Frankfurt School" never seen in history a social organization in which the restriction of individual freedom was the minimum necessary, and therefore the most practical and fair as possible.
In today's liberal-bourgeois society in fact, in addition to the "reality principle", the man should adhere to the so-called "principle of performance." The process of division of roles and the work led to the stratification of the different mentalities, which are approved inexorably to a certain system of values, both the bourgeois-minded as the main workers and peasants.
The need to feel part of a group, the need for identity insomma, ha fatto abbandonare alle persone di ogni classe il proprio (dell’individuo non della classe) pensiero naturale per supportare invece un sistema prefissato di idee: più o meno implicitamente ognuno fa ciò che la società si aspetta che debba fare. Tale sistema di omologazione ha aumentato a dismisura il suo potere con l’avvento dei mass media. Ogni tipo di comunicazione di massa, che sia manifesto pubblicitario, giornale, radio, televisione, diventa strumento di potere del sistema.
L’obiettivo è quello di creare dei falsi bisogni al fine di portare ogni persona, col suo consumo e con il suo comportamento, ad essere parte integrante del sistema, ad essere il vero “cibo” del sistema. The "principle of performance" is so artificial that pushes the push to give their best according to the capitalist-consumerist values \u200b\u200bthat promoting the use of consumer goods as a symbol of their economic status (luxury car, clothing, signed, etc.) and that makes people believe that that is the direction in which humanity has to go to get to be more free, having impressed in the minds of the masses wealth = happiness equation. However, being artificial, the follow this principle can not help but grant temporary pleasures and petty, are not elements of freedom as would have us believe, but rather they are our last and most modern condition of slavery.
This system still does not find its effectiveness as much power in perseverance. The bombing of the brain with these values \u200b\u200bbegins at birth, the child soldiers for Barbie and the child, and continues, always present as a ghost, forfeited information without realizing it, via television, from shop windows, the people who take (or climax they hitch there, the border is rather vague) as a symbol of man failed: The winning and we do get to be like him. The man now is not only alienated wage labor, but also in its fun and its daily life, is a puppet, unable to see the threads of puppeteer. 'S why we have to consider the totalitarian bourgeois democracies.
Democracy potentially offers the greatest possible number of means to free mankind and to be able to get to the highest degree of development, but while these
means there are, today's system does not allow the masses to use them.
The forces then to a fake freedom, a slavery that is so insidious, creeping
difficult to point out to those who are immersed in the system because it is difficult to identify the processes and materials and practical implications, as it gives small and very small everyday its strength. It 's a process that spares no one, not even Classes typically anti-establishment.
are now a thing of the years in which the employees were the terror of the powerful, because now even the
employees were persuaded to participate in this game.
The workers were satisfied with "the crumbs of the banquet of the masters", have approved the system.
Among the more correct way and the easiest are subtly induced to choose the easiest, go to sleep and so the revolutionary. The man is so depersonalized, reduced to "a single dimension, that of the system precisely where it is trapped.
we should not believe that this system is unbreakable. This è la situazione di una parte, seppure grande, della popolazione occidentale. Esiste una fascia di popolazione al di sotto dei potenti e della base popolare conservatrice che il sistema non è mai stato in grado di assorbire. Sto parlando di emarginati, reietti, perseguitati, disoccupati, e di tutti coloro che
non hanno perso la consapevolezza che dall’abbattimento del sistema hanno solo da guadagnare.
Magari in futuro, con il complicarsi e l'ingrandirsi delle contraddizioni intrinseche del sistema capitalistico, avremo una forte pauperizzazione del ceto medio, la crisi economica attuale potrebbe rappresentarne il preambolo.
La classe operaia omologata al sistema non potrà più trarre sostentamento the sweeteners offered by the owners, and may regain consciousness of class and revolutionary potential. Despite
if and but, avoiding hazardous weather, the system can be changed only from below, from the lowest stratum of society. The decisive step in the evolution of human society can only be done by the exploited, exploited but are aware of their condition of slavery. Perhaps
sin of pride, I conclude this little article as Marcuse concluded one of his greatest works, with a quote from Walter Benjamin: << E 'only because of the desperate hope that we are given a >>.
[Inspired by the philosophy of Herbert Marcuse]
Spartacus II
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